{"id":2201,"date":"2023-03-06T09:51:34","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T07:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/?p=2201"},"modified":"2023-03-06T09:52:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T07:52:46","slug":"ozgurlugun-somurulusu-byung-chul-han","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/?p=2201","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (Byung-Chul Han)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>(\u2026) \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck duygusu bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7erken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve bu yeni bi\u00e7im de kendini bir zorlama bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00f6sterene kadar s\u00fcrer. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan yeni bir tabiyet gelir. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn tabi durumda bir&nbsp;<em>\u00f6zne (Subject)<\/em>&nbsp;de\u011fil, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, kendini s\u00fcrekli yeniden tasarlayan, yeniden icat eden bir&nbsp;<em>proje (Projekt)<\/em>&nbsp;oldu\u011fumuza inan\u0131yoruz. \u00d6zneden projeye bu ge\u00e7i\u015fe \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck duygusu e\u015flik ediyor. Ancak bizzat bu projenin zorlama alt\u0131nda bir varl\u0131k, dahas\u0131&nbsp;<em>tabiyet ve boyun e\u011fi\u015fin daha da etkin bir bi\u00e7imi&nbsp;<\/em>oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. D\u0131\u015fsal bask\u0131lardan ve kendine yabanc\u0131 zorlamalardan kurtulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu sanan bir proje olarak ben, daha iyi bir performans sergileme ve m\u00fckemmelle\u015fme \u015feklindeki i\u00e7sel bask\u0131lara ve zorlamalara tabi k\u0131l\u0131yorum kendimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizzat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn zorlamalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendine has bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Yap<em>abilme<\/em>&nbsp;\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, emir ve yasaklar dile getiren yap<em>mal\u0131s\u0131n<\/em>dan daha fazla zorlama \u00fcretiyor hatta. Yap<em>mal\u0131s\u0131n<\/em>\u0131n bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yap<em>abilme<\/em>&nbsp;ise s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maz. Bu y\u00fczden de yap<em>abilme<\/em>den kaynaklanan zorlaman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yoktur. B\u00f6ylece kendimizi bir ikilemin i\u00e7inde buluruz. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck asl\u0131nda zorlaman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcr olmak zorlamalardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmak demektir. Ama zorlaman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereken bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendisi zorlamalar yarat\u0131r. Depresyon ya da ruhsal t\u00fckeni\u015f (burnout) \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn derin krizinin d\u0131\u015favurumlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan zorlamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte oldu\u011funun patolojik i\u015faretleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr sanan performans \u00f6znesi asl\u0131nda bir k\u00f6ledir. Efendisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendini g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde&nbsp;<em>mutlak k\u00f6ledir. (\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir giri\u015fimci olarak neoliberal \u00f6zne ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla&nbsp;<em>ama\u00e7tan yoksun<\/em>&nbsp;ili\u015fkilere girmekten acizdir. Giri\u015fimciler aras\u0131nda ama\u00e7tan yoksun bir dostluk olu\u015fmaz zaten. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neoliberalizm bizzat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrmeye yarayan \u00e7ok verimli, hatta zekice bir sistemdir. Heyecan, oyun ve ileti\u015fim gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn prati\u011fine ve d\u0131\u015favurum bi\u00e7imlerine ait ne varsa s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) Sermaye, \u00f6zg\u00fcr rekabet \u00fczerinden ba\u015fka bir sermaye olarak kendisiyle ili\u015fki kurarak \u00fcrer. Kendisinin \u00f6tekisiyle bireysel rekabet \u00fczerinden \u00e7iftle\u015fir. \u0130nsanlar birbirleriyle \u00f6zg\u00fcrce rekabet ederken sermaye \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.(\u2026) Yani sermaye \u00fcremek i\u00e7in bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcr: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr rekabette \u00f6zg\u00fcr olan bireyler de\u011fil sermayedir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir bi\u00e7ime b\u00fcr\u00fcnen bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sonu\u00e7ta&nbsp;<em>bizzat sermayenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kapitalizmin mutasyon ge\u00e7irmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi olarak neoliberalizm i\u015f\u00e7iyi bir&nbsp;<em>giri\u015fimci&nbsp;<\/em>haline getirir. (\u2026) Bug\u00fcn herkes&nbsp;<em>kendi \u015firketinin kendini s\u00f6m\u00fcren i\u015f\u00e7isidir.&nbsp;<\/em>Herkes birey olarak hem efendi hem k\u00f6ledir.S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi de insan\u0131n<em>&nbsp;kendisiyle i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131&nbsp;<\/em>haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) Neoliberal sistem ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir s\u0131n\u0131f sistemi de\u011fildir. Aralar\u0131nda uzla\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunan s\u0131n\u0131flardan olu\u015fmaz. Sistemin istikrar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan da i\u015fte budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeyse herkesin, kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce tasarlayan bir proje olarak,&nbsp;<em>s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir \u00f6z-\u00fcretim<\/em>&nbsp;imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neoliberal performans toplumunda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan ki\u015fi, toplumu ya da sistemi sorgulamak yerine ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kendini sorumlu tutar ve utan\u00e7 duyar. Neoliberal rejimin kendine has zek\u00e2s\u0131 burada kendini g\u00f6sterir. Sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe izin vermez. (\u2026) Neoliberal \u00f6z-s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc rejiminde insan \u00f6fkesini daha ziyade&nbsp;<em>kendine<\/em>&nbsp;y\u00f6neltir. \u0130nsan\u0131n kendine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi bu sald\u0131rganl\u0131k s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcleni devrimci de\u011fil depresif yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) siyaset b\u00f6ylece tekrar (\u2026) sermayenin yama\u011f\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak istiyor muyuz?<\/em>&nbsp;\u00d6zg\u00fcr olmak zorunda kalmamak i\u00e7in icat etmemi\u015f miydik Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131? Tanr\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hepimiz su\u00e7luyuzdur\/bor\u00e7luyuzdur. (<em>Schuld<\/em>&nbsp;Almancada hem \u201csu\u00e7\u201d hem \u201cbor\u00e7\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir,&nbsp;<em>schulding<\/em>&nbsp;de hem \u201csu\u00e7lu\u201d hem \u201cbor\u00e7lu\u201d anlam\u0131na -\u00e7.n.) (\u2026) Sermaye bizi tekrar bor\u00e7lu\/su\u00e7lu k\u0131lan&nbsp;<em>yeni bir Tanr\u0131<\/em>&nbsp;de\u011fil mi? Walter Benjamin kapitalizmi bir Tanr\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kapitalizm \u201cg\u00fcnahtan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak yerine g\u00fcnah y\u00fckleyen bir k\u00fclt\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi\u201ddir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eeffafl\u0131k ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka sonucu topyek\u00fbn bir uyumdur. (\u2026) Sanki&nbsp;<em>herkes herkesi<\/em>, \u00fcstelik de gizli servislerin g\u00f6zetim ve y\u00f6nlendirmesinden&nbsp;<em>\u00f6nce, g\u00f6zl\u00fcyormu\u015f<\/em>&nbsp;gibi bir uyumluluk etkisi yarat\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6zetleme, g\u00f6zetleme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neoliberalizm yurtta\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcketici haline getirir. Yurtta\u015f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerini t\u00fcketicinin edilginli\u011fine b\u0131rak\u0131r. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u2026) Big Data \u015fahs\u0131n ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradenin sonunu ilan eder. Her ayg\u0131t, her iktidar tekni\u011fi boyun e\u011fdirmekte kullan\u0131lan kendi kutsal nesnelerini&nbsp;<em>(Devotionalie)<\/em>&nbsp;\u00fcretir. Bunlar iktidar\u0131&nbsp;<em>maddile\u015ftirir<\/em>&nbsp;ve sabitle\u015ftirir. Devot, boyun e\u011fmi\u015f demektir. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon dijital bir kutsal nesne, hatta&nbsp;<em>dijital kutsal nesne<\/em>nin ta kendisidir. Tabi k\u0131lma arac\u0131 olarak t\u0131pk\u0131 elde ta\u015f\u0131nma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir t\u00fcr cep telefonunu&nbsp;<em>(Handy)<\/em>&nbsp;and\u0131ran tesbih gibidir. Her ikisi de insan\u0131n kendini s\u0131namas\u0131na, kendini kontrol etmesine hizmet eder. \u0130ktidar, g\u00f6zetleme i\u015fini bireylere devrederek verimlili\u011fini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olur.&nbsp;<em>Like<\/em>\/Be\u011fendim dijital \u201cAmin\u201ddir.&nbsp;<em>Like<\/em>\u2018\u0131 t\u0131klarken iktidar d\u00fczenine tabi k\u0131lar\u0131z kendimizi. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon sadece etkili bir g\u00f6zetleme arac\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131karma sandalyesidir. Facebook dijitalin kilisesi, sinagogudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Byung-Chul HAN<br><\/em><\/strong><em>\u201cPsikopolitika\u201d Neoliberalizm ve Yeni \u0130ktidar Teknikleri<\/em><br><em>\u00c7ev: Haluk Bar\u0131\u015fcan, Metis Yay., 5. Bask\u0131, 2022, s.<\/em>12-22<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[141],"class_list":["post-2201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-byung-chul-han","comments-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2201"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2203,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2201\/revisions\/2203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}