{"id":728,"date":"2019-03-16T22:44:57","date_gmt":"2019-03-16T20:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/?p=728"},"modified":"2025-04-18T10:32:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T07:32:10","slug":"oktay-rifatin-onemi-zafer-yalcinpinar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/upas.evvel.org\/?p=728","title":{"rendered":"“Oktay Rifat’\u0131n \u00d6nemi” (Zafer Yal\u00e7\u0131np\u0131nar)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Oktay Rifat\u2019\u0131n poetikas\u0131ndaki alan derinli\u011finin, Garip ve \u0130kinci Yeni \u015fiir ak\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hareketlenen bir ba\u011fla\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fturdu\u011funu -ki Cemal S\u00fcreya bunu bir t\u00fcr ters ama yads\u0131namaz eklemler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr- sezmemden sonra, Oktay Rifat\u2019in \u00f6nemi daha da belirginle\u015fti. Zaten bug\u00fcn, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, hem de imgesel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u201chareket alan\u0131 daralm\u0131\u015f\u201d beylik bir edebiyat ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vasat\u00ee havas\u0131n\u0131 -\u015fiir \u00f6d\u00fclleri, antolojiler, kitap tan\u0131t\u0131m dergileri, edebiyat etkinlikleri ve ma\u011faza vitrinleri gibi hileli enstr\u00fcmanlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kand\u0131r\u0131lan- hevesk\u00e2r bir kitle i\u00e7ine \u00e7ektik\u00e7e, yani edebiyat ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz ortalama, i\u015fbu \u201cverili vasat\u201d havay\u0131 kabul edip hileli bir suhuletin p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz ezber alan\u0131na yerle\u015ftik\u00e7e, Oktay Rifat gibi poetik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fcssel ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmi\u015f, yani imgelemin doruklar\u0131na temas etmi\u015f \u015fairlerin \u00f6nemi daha da art\u0131yor. \u0130kinci Yeni\u2019nin de \u00f6yle\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 \u0130kinci Yeni ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli geni\u015fleyen ve gelece\u011fi belirleyen \n\u015fiirsel bir devinimi daha yukar\u0131lara ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gibi Oktay Rifat\u2019in \n\u015fiirleri de \u201cimgesel parlakl\u0131k(kontrast)\u201d diyebilece\u011fim \u00fcssel bir dil \nkurarak gelece\u011fe uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oktay Rifat poetikas\u0131n\u0131n bu etkili y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zirve(peak) noktas\u0131n\u0131\n \u201cPer\u00e7emli Sokak\u201d (Yeditepe Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1956) adl\u0131 \u015fiir kitab\u0131nda \ng\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130kinci Yeni \u015fairlerinin \u201civedilikle, bir gecede\u201d yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \nvarsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Per\u00e7emli Sokak\u2019ta kendisini g\u00f6steren \u201cimgesel parlakl\u0131k\u201d son \nderece etkilidir, etkisini h\u00e2len s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. \u0130kinci Yeni taifesi bu \na\u015fk\u0131n etkiyi bir t\u00fcr \u201capans\u0131z olu\u015fum, otomatik yaz\u0131m\u201d sanm\u0131\u015flar ya da \n\u00f6yle olmas\u0131n\u0131 umut etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oktay Rifat poetikas\u0131n\u0131n etkili y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ise \u201cA\u015fa\u011fi \nYukari\u201d (Yeditepe, 1952) olarak kabul edebiliriz. (Bir not; \u0130kinci \nYeni\u2019nin bitmeyecek ser\u00fcveninin, yani \u201cSirkeci\u2019de inmedikleri\u201d ser\u00fcvenin\n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 da 50\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n tam ortas\u0131na tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.) 1970\u2019li \ny\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde baz\u0131 konu\u015fma ve s\u00f6yle\u015filerinde -k\u0131s\u0131k sesle ve \nsat\u0131r aralar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fsa da- \u0130lhan Berk ve Ece Ayhan, Oktay Rifat\u2019in \n\u0130kinci Yeni\u2019den olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha do\u011frusu Oktay Rifat\u2019\u0131n \u0130kinci Yeni\u2019den \nuzak bir ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc dili benimsedi\u011fini kesinlik i\u00e7eren bir tav\u0131rla \ns\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Ama \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u201d hi\u00e7 de \u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Evet, \u0130kinci Yeni, -t\u00fcm\n zamanlar\u0131n\u0131, hatta bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum- \u00f6zellikle de Edip \nCansever ve Cemal S\u00fcreya \u015fiirlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek \ncihetinde, Oktay Rifat\u2019\u0131n Per\u00e7emli Sokak\u2019la zirvele\u015fen poetikas\u0131ndan \ndaha konvansiyonel(uzla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131) bir dille y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, Turgut Uyar, \n\u0130lhan Berk ve Ece Ayhan\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu di\u011fer cihette -ve bu cihetin \n\u00f6zellikle 50\u2019lerdeki eserlerinde- ise uzla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz alan\u0131n \n\u00e7ok daha dar, yani Oktay Rifat\u2019\u0131n imgelemine -\u201cicat etti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fe\u201d-, \nPer\u00e7emli Sokak\u2019a \u00e7ok yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu fark ediyoruz. Bu yak\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6zellikle\n de \u0130lhan Berk\u2019in ya\u015fam\u0131 ve eserleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lhan Berk\u2019in t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca dillendirdi\u011fi \u201cAnlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Anlam\u0131\u201d\n \u00e7e\u015fitlemesinin erken bir \u00f6zde\u015fini Oktay Rifat\u2019ta g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \n\u201cPer\u00e7emli Sokak\u201d\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z yaz\u0131s\u0131 en \u00f6nemli metindir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde \n-herkesten \u00f6nce, ilkin- Oktay Rifat \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrelerce yads\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \nGarip ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 terk etti\u011fi nokta\/zaman da budur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Melih Cevdet \nAnday t\u00fcm yaz\u0131n hayat\u0131 boyunca -gerek edebiyat dergilerinde, gerekse de \nk\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda- Garip \u015fiirinin \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u201dden yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve p\u00fcr \nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel bir g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011funu, bunu da dilsel \nserbestisinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. Fakat, yeni zamanlarda -20. \ny\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren- k\u00fclt\u00fcr, politika ve retorik end\u00fcstrisinin\n eline mahk\u00fbm edilen \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u201d ve \u201cak\u0131l\u201d, hi\u00e7bir zaman p\u00fcr bir \n\u015fiirselli\u011fin gelece\u011fe uzanan birincil unsuru olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten, \n\u201ckulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedensellikler\u201d ve mant\u0131ksal zincirler bu gelece\u011fe elvermez.\n Oktay Rifat, 50\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru \u201cEsi\u201d ve \u201cYeditepe\u201d \ndergilerinde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015fiirdeki \u201cAk\u0131l\u201d ve \u201cAnlam\u201d \nbile\u015fenlerini Henri Bergson\u2019un sezgisellik kuram\u0131 kapsam\u0131yla ele\u015ftirir, \nbu iki bile\u015fenin poetikayla olan ili\u015fkisinin birincil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k \na\u00e7\u0131k ifade eder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(\u2026)Bizde anlams\u0131z \u015fiir deyince, bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeyen,
bir \u015fey anlatmayan \u015fiir san\u0131l\u0131yor. Olur mu \u00f6yle \u015fey! Bir \u015fey
anlatmaman\u0131n en kestirme yolu susmakt\u0131r. Her a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an, ister istemez,
bir \u015fey anlatmak sorumlulu\u011funu y\u00fcklenir. Anlams\u0131z \u015fiir, bir \u015fey
anlatmamak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, bize anlaml\u0131 \u015fiirin anlatamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri
anlat\u0131yor, bizi insandan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, bize insan
ger\u00e7e\u011finin, d\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7e\u011fin ta kendisini vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fiir,
ger\u00e7e\u011fi yakalamak pe\u015findedir. Diyeceksiniz ki ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015fman\u0131n bir yolu
var, o da akla ba\u015fvurmak. Bilim i\u00e7in belki do\u011fru olan bu s\u00f6z, \u015fiir i\u00e7in
do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fiirin arad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fin ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u015eiir,
ger\u00e7e\u011fi, heyecan veren y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ar\u0131yor.(\u2026)Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamc\u0131lar da bir
bak\u0131ma ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fcc\u00fcler gibi yan\u0131l\u0131yor, bilimsel bilgiyle, \u015fiirsel
bilgiyi birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar, bu iki kolu ay\u0131rt etmek istemiyorlar.
Georges Mounin ad\u0131ndaki ele\u015ftirmeci, \u015fiirsel bilgiyi, heyecana dayanan
bilgi (connaissance \u00e9motionnelle) olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda
duyulan heyecan \u015fiirin konusudur. Eski \u015fair, bu heyecan\u0131 duyuma ayk\u0131r\u0131
bir \u015fekilde akl\u0131nda dondurarak, ak\u0131l yoluyla anlat\u0131rd\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fair bu
heyecan\u0131 gene akl\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ama akl\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, daha canl\u0131, duyuma
daha yak\u0131n olarak vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.(\u2026)Ger\u00e7e\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmakta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi
ba\u015far\u0131 yeni \u015fiirin erdemlerinden biri.(\u2026) <\/em>(Oktay Rifat, Yeditepe Dergisi, 8 Aral\u0131k 1958)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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(\u2026) Ar\u0131 hareket (mobilit\u00e9 pure), ar\u0131 s\u00fcreklilik
(continuit\u00e9 pure), canl\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 geli\u015fimi (\u00e9volution cr\u00e9atrice) akla
s\u0131\u011fmaz. Akl\u0131n s\u00fcreklilik, hareket dedi\u011fi \u015fey, ister istemez, sinema
\u015feridindeki s\u00fcreklilik gibi, birbiri ard\u0131na dizilen hareketsizliklerden
meydana gelir. Akl\u0131n canl\u0131 cans\u0131z, ger\u00e7e\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kavramas\u0131 i\u00e7in,
i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesinden meydana gelen sezgi\u00a0 (intuition) ile
tamamlanmas\u0131 gerekir. (\u2026) Bergson, i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcyle ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fu
c\u00fcmle ile \u00f6zetliyor: \u201c\u00f6yle olaylar vard\u0131r ki, yaln\u0131z ak\u0131l arayabilir
bunlar\u0131, ama kendili\u011finden bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bulamaz, yaln\u0131z i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc bulabilir,
ama i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc de hi\u00e7bir zaman arayamaz.\u201d (\u2026) Duygu, ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir olayd\u0131r.
Bilinir, duyulur, ama anlat\u0131lmaz. Frans\u0131zca deyimiyle intelligible
de\u011fildir, anlama s\u0131\u011fmaz. Ama \u015fu var ki, \u015fairler, duygular\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131l diline
\u00e7evirerek anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Daha do\u011frusu, ak\u0131l dilinde, duygular\u0131na
bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulurlar. Buna, duygular\u0131n\u0131 dillendirirler de
diyebiliriz.(\u2026) (Oktay Rifat, Yeditepe Dergisi, 28 \u015eubat 1959)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Oktay Rifat\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aradan yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak otuz y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten \nsonra, 1980\u2019lerde de de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. (Zaten, Oktay Rifat\u2019in \u201cBay Lear\u201d \nadl\u0131 roman\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirselli\u011fi de ispat olarak kabul edebiliriz.)\n 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda Oktay Rifat\u2019in Yusuf\u00e7uk adl\u0131 dergide s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zler, \nsanki \u0130lhan Berk\u2019in o d\u00f6nemdeki s\u00f6ylemlerinde ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda yer alan \ntemel unsuru anlat\u0131r gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(\u2026)Per\u00e7emli Sokak\u2019la yapmak istedi\u011fim ger\u00e7e\u011fe biraz
daha sokulmak, yakla\u015fmakt\u0131. Ger\u00e7e\u011fi duyular\u0131m\u0131zla tan\u0131r\u0131z. Hi\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7
g\u00f6rmemi\u015f birine birden \u00e7\u0131nar\u0131 g\u00f6sterirseniz ne yapar! \u0130nsano\u011flu kendini
al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ra al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ra alg\u0131lar ger\u00e7e\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr onun \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve
ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yan\u0131n\u0131. (\u2026) \u015eiir hep bizden \u00f6nce vard\u0131r, do\u011fada da,
kitaplarda da. \u015eunu s\u00f6ylemek istiyorum: Okumas\u0131n\u0131 ve bakmas\u0131n\u0131
bilirseniz hemen tan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z onu. (\u2026) (Oktay Rifat, Yusuf\u00e7uk Dergisi, 1980)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7ta, gelece\u011fe uzanan, gelece\u011fi bi\u00e7imlendiren poetikan\u0131n alan \nderinli\u011fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u0130kinci Yeni taifesinin bir cihetiyle Oktay \nRifat\u2019\u0131 ve Per\u00e7emli Sokak\u2019\u0131n imgelemini bir arada k\u00fcmelenmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 \n\u015fekilde devinen bir imgelem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. (Bir t\u00fcyo; s\u00f6z etti\u011fim \nimgesel devinime, Sait Faik\u2019in \u201cAlemda\u011f\u2019da Var Bir Y\u0131lan\u201d(1954) adl\u0131 \nkitab\u0131 ile Faz\u0131l H\u00fcsn\u00fc Da\u011flarca\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00c7ocuk ve Allah\u201d(1940) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131\n da ekleyebiliriz.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oktay Rifat\u2019in \u00f6nemini vurgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu k\u0131sa yaz\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir an\u0131yla sonland\u0131rmak istiyorum;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2006 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda, Bodrum-Halikarnas\u2019taki evinin \u00fcnl\u00fc \n\u201cavlu\u201dsunda \u0130lhan Berk\u2019le \u201cy\u00fcz y\u00fcze\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulmu\u015ftum. O \ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede -k\u0131sac\u0131k bir aras\u00f6z olarak- \u0130lhan Berk\u2019in dile getirdi\u011fi \u015fu \ns\u00f6ylem beni \u00e7ok etkilemi\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cSizler \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eairlerle, b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinizle
tan\u0131\u015f\u0131p y\u00fcz y\u00fcze konu\u015fabiliyorsunuz. Mesela ben Oktay Rifat\u2019la y\u00fcz y\u00fcze
konu\u015famad\u0131m hi\u00e7.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Zafer Yal\u00e7\u0131np\u0131nar<\/a><\/strong><\/em>
21 Nisan 2014<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00d6nemli Not 1:<\/strong> Mart 2019’da –Per\u00e7emli Sokak’\u0131n yeni bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi<\/a>yle birlikte- “Oktay Rifat’\u0131n \u00d6nemi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bu yaz\u0131m\u0131 da tekrardan i\u015faret etmenin verili-vasat\u00ee “poetika”y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru \u00e2n oldu\u011funu hissediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli Not 2:<\/strong> evvel.org kapsam\u0131ndaki Oktay Rifat<\/strong>\u00a0ar\u015fivine \u015fu adreslerden ula\u015fabilirsiniz: https:\/\/evvel.org\/ilgi\/oktay-rifat<\/a> ve https:\/\/evvel.org\/ilgi\/oktay-rifat\/page\/2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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